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An improved cultivation device for appendicularians with notes on the biology of Fritillaria sp. collected in Sagami Bay, Japan.

An improved cultivation device for appendicularians with notes on the biology of Fritillaria sp. collected in Sagami Bay, Japan.

Sato Riki

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 2023;103:e68. doi:10.1017/S0025315423000541

Uses rotating cylinders to circulate water in buckets. The cultivated Fritillaria sp. do not survive the use of rotating paddles. Its house covered the body entirely.

Growth and reproductive toxicity of bisphenol A in Oikopleura dioica at environmentally relevant concentrations.

Li S, Liang Y, Zhang G.

J Hazard Mater. 2024 Aug 16;479:135552. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135552.

Growth and reproductive toxicity of bisphenol A in Oikopleura dioica at environmentally relevant concentrations.

“Evaluation of the toxicity of environmentally relevant levels of BPA [(bisphenol a)] (2.5–150 μg/L) on the appendicularian Oikopleura dioica” LC50 of 142 μg/L. “125 μg/L BPA significantly inhibited the somatic growth, gonadal development and reproduction” ”exposure to an environmentally safe concentration (2.5 μg/L) affected female fecundity and fitness” “BPA exposure […] led to abnormal secretion of digestive enzymes and phospholipase A2”

The brittle star genome illuminates the genetic basis of animal appendage regeneration

Nat Ecol Evol. 2024 Aug;8(8):1505-1521. doi:10.1038/s41559-024-02456-y

Elise Parey, Olga Ortega-Martinez, Jérôme Delroisse, Laura Piovani, Anna Czarkwiani, David Dylus, Srishti Arya, Samuel Dupont, Michael Thorndyke, Tomas Larsson, Kerstin Johannesson, Katherine M. Buckley, Pedro Martinez, Paola Oliveri, Ferdinand Marlétaz

The brittle star genome illuminates the genetic basis of animal appendage regeneration

“We showed that the ‘Eleutherozoa Linkage Groups’ descend from a single fusion of ancestral bilaterian linkages (B2+C2).” “Interestingly, sea cucumbers have the lowest rate of inter-chromosomal rearrangements, yet the most derived echinoderm body plan (Rahman et al. 2019), which highlights the uncoupling of global genomic rearrangements from morphological evolution.” “In contrast with its sea star sister-group, the A. filiformis genome is highly rearranged: our analyses identified 26 inter-chromosomal rearrangements since the Eleutherozoa ancestor.”

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Pax37 gene function in Oikopleura dioica supports a neuroepithelial-like origin for its house-making Fol territory

David Lagman, Anthony Leon, Nadia Cieminska, Wei Deng, Marios Chatzigeorgiou, Simon Henriet, Daniel Chourrout

Dev Biol. 2024 Aug 22:S0012-1606(24)00217-3. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.08.012.

Pax37 gene function in Oikopleura dioica supports a neuroepithelial-like origin for its house-making Fol territory

Knock-out of Pax37B and Pax37A using CRISPR-Cas9. Pax37B is essential to the proper patterning of the oikoblastic epithelium but not Pax37A. Based on the analysis of single-cell and transcriptomic data in Oikopleura and Ciona, the authors propose a parallel between oikoblastic cells in Oikopleura and the neuroepithelial cells that produce gluing collocytes in Ciona.

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Evolutionary Insights from the Mitochondrial Genome of Oikopleura dioica: Sequencing Challenges, RNA Editing, Gene Transfers to the Nucleus, and tRNA Loss

Klirs Y, Novosolov M, Gissi C, Garic R, Pupko T, Stach T, Huchon D.

Genome Biol Evol. 2024 Aug 20:evae181. doi:10.1093/gbe/evae181

Evolutionary Insights from the Mitochondrial Genome of Oikopleura dioica: Sequencing Challenges, RNA Editing, Gene Transfers to the Nucleus, and tRNA Loss.

“the nad3 gene has been transferred to the nucleus and acquired a mitochondria-targeting signal“ Cs are occasionally found in edited poly-T regions.

Grazing of two common appendicularians on the natural prey assemblage of a tropical coastal ecosystem

R. D. Scheinberg, M. R. Landry, A. Calbet

MEPS 294:201-212 (2005) doi:10.3354/meps294201

Grazing of two common appendicularians on the natural prey assemblage of a tropical coastal ecosystem

Trunk length 0.7 ± 0.2 for O. longicauda and 0.8 ± 0.2 for O. fusiformis. House length 3.9 ± 0.5 mm vs 7.0 ± 1.3, respectively. Clearance rate 35 and 39 ml/ind/h respectively. “The mean clearance rates of these 2 species on total sub-micron cells in Kaneohe Bay were not significantly different; however, O. fusiformis cleared Hbact at a marginally higher rate”

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A new mesopelagic appendicularian, Mesochordaeus bahamasi gen. nov., sp. nov.

Fenaux R, Youngbluth MJ.

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 1990;70(4):755-760. doi:10.1017/S0025315400059038

A new mesopelagic appendicularian, Mesochordaeus bahamasi gen. nov., sp. nov.

10.1017/S0025315400059038desc="Primary publication for the Mesochordaeus genus. “collected […] on 5 October 1981, off the Bahamas (Dive no. 634, 25°58-2'N, 77°25-6'W) at a depth of 595 m” “In dorsal view, the trunk is oval, 3360 µm long and 1800 µm wide. Maximum height (in pharyngeal region) is 1400 µM”"

Reproductive isolation arises during laboratory adaptation to a novel hot environment.

Hsu SK, Lai WY, Novak J, Lehner F, Jakšić AM, Versace E, Schlötterer C.

Genome Biol. 2024 May 28;25(1):141. doi:10.1186/s13059-024-03285-9

Reproductive isolation arises during laboratory adaptation to a novel hot environment.

“After more than 100 generations of adaptation to a novel high temperature regime, we [...] observed significant mate discrimination between ancestral and hot-evolved populations but not for replicate populations evolved independently to the same selection regime.” “We detected 18 major CHC [(cuticular hydrocarbons)] compounds across both sexes, which differ in length of carbon chain or numbers of double bonds” “similar modifications in CHC compositions have been documented for multiple Drosophila species in latitudinal clines, implying that the same causal link with temperature adaptation is also present in natural populations.” “Crosses between replicates of the evolved populations produced on average 8.3% fewer viable offspring than crosses within the same replicates of the evolved populations”

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