Steiner S, Wolf J, Glatzel S, Andreou A, Granda JM, Keenan G, Hinkley T, Aragon-Camarasa G, Kitson PJ, Angelone D, Cronin L.

Science. 2019 Jan 11;363(6423):eaav2211. doi: 10.1126/science.aav2211.

Organic synthesis in a modular robotic system driven by a chemical programming language.

“The physical routing that links the connected modules is described in [GraphML]”. Hardware-unknowing domain-specific language (DSL) is compiled in robot commands, so that the same DSL instructions can be executed on robots with different layouts but same equipment. The commands are first simulated to check for potential issues such as overfilling, etc. Valves etc. are connected to and commanded by the computer.