Sherwood AV, Rivera-Rangel LR, Ryberg LA, Larsen HS, Anker KM, Costa R, Vågbø CB, Jakljevič E, Pham LV, Fernandez-Antunez C, Indrisiunaite G, Podolska-Charlery A, Grothen JER, Langvad NW, Fossat N, Offersgaard A, Al-Chaer A, Nielsen L, Kuśnierczyk A, Sølund C, Weis N, Gottwein JM, Holmbeck K, Bottaro S, Ramirez S, Bukh J, Scheel TKH, Vinther J. Hepatitis C virus RNA is 5'-capped with flavin adenine dinucleotide.

Nature. 2023 Jul;619(7971):811-818. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06301-3.

Hepatitis C virus RNA is 5'-capped with flavin adenine dinucleotide.

Arabidopsis thaliana Nudix pyrophosphohydrolase 23 (AtNUDX23) decapping followed with adapter ligation results in libraries enriched in HCV(+) and HCV(-) RNAs. 75% of the HCV RNAs are capped and most of the rest is 5′ triphosphate. FAD capping was not found in “bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and the ortho flavivirus tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), both from the Flaviviridae family, as well as chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an alphavirus of the Togaviridae family“. “no replication of JFH1-SGR-Feo was observed upon riboflavin depletion, whereas replication was rescued by supplementing exogenous riboflavin or FAD” “inclusion of FAD as the priming nucleotide resulted in efficient de novo initiation of replication and production of an initiation product consisting of FAD linked to CMP” “Incubation of 5′-ppp RNA with recombinant NS5B and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) did not result in 5′-FAD capping”