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Nature. 2014 Sep 11;513(7517):195-201. doi:10.1038/nature13679

Gibbon genome and the fast karyotype evolution of small apes.

“We identified 96 gibbon–human synteny breakpoints in Nleu1.0.” “Segmental duplication enrichment was the best predictor of gibbon–human synteny breakpoints,[...] however, breakpoints were also enriched for Alu elements.” “ The majority of gibbon chromosomal breakpoints bore signatures of non-homology based mechanisms.” “We observed an enrichment of gibbon–human breakpoints in CTCF-binding events.” Insertion of LAVA (3'-L1-AluS-VNTR-Alu-like-5') elements in genes related to cell division might have caused the accelerated evolution of the karyotype in gibbons.