Ying QL, Wray J, Nichols J, Batlle-Morera L, Doble B, Woodgett J, Cohen P, Smith A.

Nature. 2008 May 22;453(7194):519-23. doi:10.1038/nature06968

The ground state of embryonic stem cell self-renewal.

Inhibition of FGF/ERK and GSK3 prevent differentiation and allow self-renewal of ES cells. Insuling signalling is necessary for long-term growth.