Riki Sato, Yukiko Ishibashi, Yuji Tanaka, Takashi Ishimaru, Michael J. Dagg.

Journal of Plankton Research, Volume 30, Issue 3, March 2008, Pages 299–309 doi: 10.1093/plankt/fbn001

Productivity and grazing impact of Oikopleura dioica (Tunicata, Appendicularia) in Tokyo Bay

Rare in July to September, where surface temperatures are higher than 25 °C. Homogeneously distributed from 0 to 25 m in the water column from December to March, when temperatures were around 10 °C or below. Rarity in summer interpreted as the result of predation.