Shiganova, T. (2005).

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 85(3), 477-494. doi:10.1017/S0025315405011410

Changes in appendicularian Oikopleura dioica abundance caused by invasion of alien ctenophores in the Black Sea.

Comparison of O. dioica populations before and after invasion of the ctenophores Mnemiopsis leidyi and Beroe ovata. In 1957, O. dioica peaked in May in the Western Black sea. In 1979 in peaked from June to November near Sevastopol. In 1969 there was one peak in May–June and one in August. In 1991–6, abundance of O. dioica was strongly reduced while M. leidyi was proliferating. In 1999 and following years, after B. ovata invastion, M leidyi populations were strongly reduced and O. dioica abundance returned to high levels.